To make a good exposure, you need to use some combination of shutter speed and aperture that lets the right amount of light hit the sensor. If you’re shooting with “natural light” (meaning you’re not using any flashes), the amount of light available in each scene is fixed. The longer the shutter speed or the wider the aperture, the more light gets let through. When it comes to controlling how much light reaches the sensor-aka controlling your exposure-you have two main options: change how long the shutter stays open (we call that the “shutter speed”) or change how big the opening in the lens that lets light through is (that’s the “aperture”). If the photo is too dark, it’s “underexposed”. If the settings are right, it will be a “good exposure”. Every time you take a photo, you’re “making an exposure”. There’s a thin line between jargon and legitimate technical terms, but with photography there are some words you need to know. You can see an example of what that looks like in the photo below. If you let too little light hit the sensor, the scene will look too dark if you let in too much, it will look too bright. If only a little bit of light hits the sensor, the image will be much darker than one where light came flooding in.įor any scene, there will be an ideal amount of light to let in. When you take a picture, the shutter that normally covers the sensor opens, and the light that’s coming in through the lens falls on the sensor where it gets converted into digital data.Ī photo will look very different depending on how much light reaches the sensor. We hope that a few of these film basics down - understanding aperture, f-stop, and depth and field - you can begin to elevate your camera work.Deep inside every digital camera is a photographic sensor that records the images you shoot. However, also keep in mind that a higher f-stop means less light, so make sure you have enough light to work with or your shot might be too dark. If you can’t remember the very opposite sounding nature of f-stop to light, just remember that higher f-stop equals a higher (or wider) depth of field. But if you want a shallow depth of field, you’ll allow more light in by setting a lower f-stop setting. If you want a wide depth of field, one where most everything is in focus, you want less light, and therefore a higher f-stop setting. How does this affect the depth of field? Generally speaking, the more light that comes in, the shallower the depth of field. All of the other f-stops are fractions of that 1 whole. One way to remember this is to think of an f-stop of 1 as 1 whole open aperture. But the thing to remember is that a lower f-stop allows more light in, and a larger f-stop allows less light. Or, perhaps a better representation is how your pupil will widen and narrow-based on the amount of light in a space.į-stops range anywhere from 1 to 32 on most cameras. If the aperture is the opening, the f-stop is a representation of the size of the opening in the aperture. Not sure what f-stops are? We’ve got you covered. Keep in mind that aperture is measured in f-stops and the larger the aperture, the smaller the f-stops. A large aperture will decrease the depth of field and a small aperture will provide a larger depth of field. If it’s mostly closed, less light will come in.Īperture dictates how much depth of field you will have in your shot. If your eye is open, more light will get to your retina. The aperture is the opening in the lens where light enters and hits the sensor for your image. They are playing with the depth of field here. Then, they will quickly change the focus to another item far away, and the original item will go out of focus. Here the camera operator will focus on one item, say close to the camera. This concept of depth of field is particularly visible in a kind of shot called a rack focus. On the other hand, if you have a wide depth of field, all of the items may remain in focus. If you have a shallow depth of field, a pole 10-feet from the camera might be out of focus, as well as an item 30-feet from the camera. Let’s say you are shooting video of a person 20-feet from the camera, and you’ve focused in on them. The depth of field in a shot is the distance in Z-space (forward and back) that things will stay in focus. Depth Of Fieldįirst off, let’s discuss depth of field. Let’s dive in! Aperture, F-Stop, and Depth of Field Explained 1. Because if you want to shoot amazing films, you’ll need to understand these fundamentals first. Getting to know these functions will help you to become better acquainted with your camera. In this film basics tutorial, we are going to break down the concept of the aperture, F-stop, and how it affects depth of field.
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